Abstract: - Purpose: To determine the effect customer – organization identification in enhancing customer loyalty through the intermediary role of customer satisfaction.- Approach / Methodology: A sample was elected of customers Zain Telecom was strong (302) individual, using a questionnaire designed in the light of previous studies, was drafted scale and tested in the light of a set of statistical methods developed (factor analysis exploratory, factor analysis, test KMO). Then test hypotheses through structural equation modeling .- Results: The high level of identification of customers with the identity of the company, which motivates them to express positive attitudes and intentions towards the company, especially positions satisfaction and intention to stay with the company.- Originality / value: The value of the current at the entrance of a contemporary relational The customer - the organization identification and confirm its effects in enhancing customer loyalty. The research also provided a practical measure of the three variables of the study.- Keywords: customer - the organization identification, test KMO, structural equation modeling.

Abstract: The human capital represent the main source of support for the organization's ability to cope with various environmental changes and to maintain its competitive position, thus it is necessary to rely upon it in leading the overall process of organizational change the study was based on two variables, the human capital with its dimensions (knowledge, ability, skill, experience ) and management of organizational change .The fundamental problem of the research is represented in the unknown impact of human capital in the management of organizational change at the University of Karbala. The study aimed to identify which dimensions of human capital is more effective" in managing organizational change . The selected intentional sample composed of (60) members of the boards of colleges at the University of Karbala was subject to the test and analysis. The results had proved the impact of experience , skill, ability, and knowledge on managing the organizational change respectively.

Abstract: The research reaches to adopt an exploratory design- three measures of organizational identification Perceived external Prestige and organizational Prestige is used to enhance the conceptual and focus of a sample of colleges of the University of Kufa, formation sample research form (211) individual represents in the University of Kufa. Data were collected from key informants using a research instrument. Returned instruments were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling through the use of (LISREL 8.54) & statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version .(11.5). Two major implications are identified in the research. The first is for scholars on the investigation of the link between organizational identification and organizational Prestige and Awareness in colleges a sample of research. The second is for a lecturer to be aware of the need for Promoting organizational identification in line with Perceived external Prestige focus. This will no doubt help to provide knowledge and understanding of the Lecturer of colleges about importance of these variables. The research validates the existing instruments for enhance & Awareness Organizational Prestige, forms focus on organizational identification. The research also finds a strong positive relationship among the three constructs.

Abstract: This study deals with Marketing Strategic planning and its impact on the quality of banking services. This problem is reflected by the lack of banking and financial awareness of the customers and the reduction of activities of banking facilities which are related to investment and commerce. This study puts a primary hypothesis which indicates that all the obstacles are the result of not following the strategic approaches concerning service marketing planning and to be sure of offering the service which meets the needs of customers and their desires – Generally speaking, this study tries to give the answers to the following questions:1.Is there any impact of the strategic marketing planning on the fine quality of the bank service submitted to customers ?2.Is it possible to improve and to develop banking services when the bank management follows strategic planning for marketing banking services?3.Do the operations which determine the quality related to banking services contribute in their development as far as they reinforce the opportunities of satisfying the customers? 4.Are there differences between studied banks and the adoption of Marketing Strategic Planning in banking operations? 5.Are there differences between studied banks in offering banking services ?

Abstract: Greek crisis threatened the stability of the euro area and floated the idea of a Greek exit from the economic zone after the sovereign debt crisis hit the Greek economy in 2010, as the Greek government asked the European Union and the International Monetary Fund to provide loans to help Greece to avoid the risk of bankruptcies and defaults. And after the increased interest rates on Greek bonds to high levels as a result of fears among investors of Greece's inability to meet their debts, especially after the high rate of budget deficits and mounting public debt to Europe and the International Monetary Fund have decided to provide assistance to Greece for its implementation of economic reforms and austerity measures aimed at reducing the budget deficit.

Abstract: Form of food shortages throughout the ages difficult challenge for someone's paid to work for the sake of innovation means necessary, which provides him satisfy his need of food in order to warranty stay for him and his family and this is not like an individual self only, but like the rest of the communities that suffer from shortages in this area The problem of food occupied center stage among the economic problems that are addressed key economic and social progress in any country in the world at large, and since Iraq has suffered from many problems was the lack of food and scarcity dramatically along the sharp rise in prices as a result of what pubic from the scourge wars, especially in the eighties of the last century and the economic blockade lasted thirteen years made him suffer from gaps food despite the application of the ration card system, which has become not meet the requirements daily especially in light of decreasing continuous in vocabulary and poor quality distributed to citizens of this along with subsidized Large suffered by the agricultural sector (as the main engine of the wheel food) of water shortages significantly added his lack of raw materials needed for the production process is the cause of a lack of crops basic agricultural and this explain through our research explain of Staff basic availability of food a detailed presentation of the reality of the agricultural sector and identify aspects and the circumstances surrounding it and to clarify the size of the food gap for most major crops in Iraq (wheat, barley, rice) and the abundance of these crops or not in order to draw a clear picture of reality food and thus the development of solutions and appropriate proposals to correct them, in order to achieve this situation came Find represented in two major axes first axis and explained the theoretical side of the concept of food security and the concept of the food gap and the main causes of this gap, second axis has explained the reality of food security in Iraq and the size of the food gap and the factors that led to breadth.

Abstract: The tax is still one of the main resources to cover public expenditures. But, this resource has been affected on the performance of its role because of tax evasion that applied by most countries. And exacerbate this problem is due to a combination of factors such as a weak tax community awareness, especially in developing countries. This is considerably affecting on the overall applicable economy, in particular to its enlargement side. The research involves several questions in order to identify the concept of the tax, and the developments that have taken place for taxes in the Arab countries, and especially in Iraq. As well as, identification the level of awareness of the tax charge taxable in Iraq and the importance of this awareness in achieving economic development, and the factors that affect it. The research was based on the premise that there is a statistically significant relationship between the tax awareness and increase tax revenues, which lead to economic development, and to follow the descriptive statistical analytical approach to reach the objectives. However, this can be applied using the resolution of knowing the views of selected sample holders to search. Finally, the research is summarized to a number of conclusions which are including the lack of awareness of the tax community in Iraq, and this explains the use designate various ways to avoid paying tax and evasion. This requires that the government agencies to take their action in the field in order to minimize this problem to the maximum extent possible.

Abstract: In this study we try to exposure to one of the topics that occupy the economic , financial and legal thought and its reflections on accounting implications, which affects the topic of corporate governance has much attention from scholars and researchers today and in the various areas of economic and financial sciences, given the significance at the present time at all levels, We try in our study to test this concept in the Iraqi environment, through study and analysis of financial reports prepared by the shareholding companies listed in the Iraqi securities exchange and how to harmonize with the requirements of the principle of disclosure and transparency, which contained in the corporate governance principles issued by the International Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Which became the subject of disclosure and transparency is a pressing need in recent years throughout the world in light of the concepts of globalization and open borders and freedom of access to information as a means of attracting investments and development economics States, the aim of this study contribute to the development of theoretical and applied bases to the concept of corporate governance in the Iraqi environment, as This environment facing the case of absence and lack of interest in the concept and its application by Iraqi companies.Through study and analysis of financial reports for a sample of (5) mixed industrial companies are large companies in the manufacturing sector and for (3) consecutive years and how these reports harmonizing with the requirements of the international principles of disclosure and transparency of corporate governance, the findings of the study pointed to:1 - There is an urgent need to establish a body or foundation specialized in issuing the guide of rules and instructions for corporate governance of Iraq.2 - The disclosure Iraqi companies had not been fast and enough as well as the weakness of the disclosure of material information in terms of corporate financial results and operational objectives, the risks of substance, shareholdings and information for members of the Governing Council and the executive directors.3 - There is a commitment by corporate accounting standards, rules and procedures for Iraq's uniform accounting system, as well as the presence of annual audited accounts by independent and qualified auditors.4 - Limited channels broadcast information to users, which requires finding other channels assist in the delivery of information to all users easily and pleased.5 - A weak presence of analyses and advice of intermediaries that affect the decisions of investors in the financial market.In light of these findings, the study provided some conclusions and proposals, which we believe will contribute to increase knowledge of the topic of corporate governance and its application by the Iraqi companies.

Abstract: The copula function is considered on of nonparametric function which is easily implement able and opening wide door to find a lot of bivariate distribution in this paper clayton's copula has been used to find the bivariate exponational distribution then to find survival rate through the use of real data for two applications the pediatric control hospital and sample from Ghazi Al Hariri hospital by using bivariate distribution between two variable with a known depending value and calculate the probabilities of survival time results by the research it was proved that whenever to be yellow disease ratio is high to blood ratio in human with age is high whenever to be survival time is low. Second application is show to ill age to pass 60 years, whenever to be medicine active in treatment is low.

Abstract: This study examined the role of entrepreneurial orientation in achieving excellent university performance. It to provide a comprehensive theoretical framework about the key concepts of the study variables introduced by researchers in this field, beside analytical framework for (100) of university leaderships in a sample of colleges of the Middle Euphrates universities (Qadisiyah, Babylon, Kufa). the entrepreneurial orientation as an independent variable had been expressed in three dimensions (Innovativeness, Risk – taking, and Proactiveness ) while the excellent university performance as a dependent variable had been expressed its five indicators of business results (Student learning and process outcomes, Customer – Focused outcomes, Workforce – Focused outcomes, Leadership and Governance outcomes, Budgetary, Financial and Market outcomes ) introduced by the Baldrige Program for Performance Excellence, Version 2011-2012. The researchers used the questionnaire as a method for measuring study variables. The study adopted the scale of (Alsultani,2011) based on (Lumpkin & Dess, 1996; Hughes & Morgan, 2007; Rasheed, 2009) to measure entrepreneurial orientation, , while the study used the scale developed by (Rashid and Al ziadi, 2012) for measuring excellent university performance . the study used a set of statistical means such as Pearson correlation, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), the study also revealed the existence of correlation and effect relationship between the dimensions entrepreneurial orientation and excellent university performance. It finally introduced a set of recommendations. among the most important in recommendations for universities the necessity of creating its scientifical environment for encourage creativity and innovation, Risk – taking behaviors, and Proactiveness.

Abstract: We have increased the importance of fiscal policy in various countries around the world to considerations of the most important one being the economic policies used in guiding economic activity and influence it. The Iraqi economy suffered from three devastating wars began in 1980 with Iran and continued for eight years resulted in significant damage to infrastructure and production major sectors such as agriculture, industry, and especially the oil sector, and then came the second Gulf War in 1991, followed by economic sanctions for the years 1991-2003 and then came the last war to destroy what remains of the structure of the Iraqi economy, which was destroyed by the war-ravaged looting and arson. The address of this research is to analyze the role of fiscal policy in the indicators of economic growth in Iraq for the duration of the study (1991-2009) and the extent of their success or lack thereof in higher rates of economic growth, the study has been studying some of the indicators of economic growth key as an indicator of growth of gross domestic product and national income and its growth rate and the average share capita national income, and analyze the role of fiscal policy instruments in these indicators.

Abstract: This research aims to clarify the concept of a modern administrative concept which is (talent management) and to see the real role of it in improving innovation and competitiveness of business organizations through dimensions of b? (strategy development-attraction and retention-publishing and administration-communication and empowerment), and because of the growing challenges facing organizations today and severity existing competition, talent management has become an urgent need to strengthen the competitiveness of these organizations, especially after I realized that the gain competitive advantage depends heavily on the talents and skills possessed by individuals, which supports the innovation that is one of the reasons for the survival of organizations and continuity in a competitive environment. Hence this search is to understand the role dimensions in promoting and supporting innovation in the organization surveyed, The method of questionnaires has been used in this Research as the main means for data collection, the questionnaires was distributed to a sample composed of (180) faculty member distributors to (7) colleges in the field Category (University of Qadisiya). The research used a number of statistical techniques including the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, percentages, correlation coefficients, and simple linear regression. The search reached at several conclusions, including: the existence of a positive correlation statistically significant dimensions of talent management in supporting innovation. Also came out with some recommendations including: the need to adopt a system of incentives based on objective grounds to reward owners of innovation ideas that contribute to improving the performance and reduce the knowledge gap.